Stress and neurosis

Stress - systemic reaction to any biological, chemical, physical, psychological effects (stressor), which has adaptive significance. The term "stress" entered medical practice in 1936 with the light hand of the scientist Hans Selye.

He borrowed this technical term meaning "power", "pressure", "pressure" from the science of strength of materials. Selye aptly used it in relation to man. Since then, the word "stress" - on the lips of all mankind. Because neither one of us "cup" is not passed: every day, every hour, we then prigublyaem from it, then drank greedily. Stress - with a painful impact, accompanied, as a rule, negative emotions, is called distress.

H. Selye distinguished three stages of stress:

- The stage of anxiety reflects the mobilization of all resources in the body;
- The stage of resistance (of a general, nonspecific), during which establishes an increased resistance to stressors;
- The stage of depletion that occurs during the action of superstrong or sverhdlitelnyh stimuli associated with lower body resistance and in severe cases can lead to his death.

The first and most intensely react to any external stimulation of the hypothalamus - Sentinel of the central nervous system. It sends signals to the pituitary gland, which "drives the parade": hormones, sensitive towards many tissues and organs, especially the adrenal glands. Those in response to "manufacture" in the body adrenaline - the hormone of anxiety. As a result, the walls of blood vessels narrows, raises blood pressure, frequent pulse, respiration, increases muscle tension, increased blood sugar. The stress does not end?

Then the neurons - nerve cells in the brain - are beginning to react abnormally to normal physiological processes in the body, or stop to answer them. Arose in the brain structures of emotional arousal through the nervous, hormonal system goes to all organs. Stress begins to mercilessly "bomb." The magnitude of stress is estimated as largest increase adrenal hormones in the blood (stressoreaktivnost), and speed return to their previous level (stress). Of particular relevance to humans is psychogenic or emotional stress resulting from various kinds of social conflicts, with the uncertainty of prognosis in resolving the situation, inability to perform activities of ready-made programs or their selection in the tight time frames, etc.

Chronic or uncontrollable and unpredictable stress can lead to various kinds of mental disorders (in particular, to the neuroses), but also cause dysfunction of any body's systems, which leads to psychosomatic illness. However, stress influences of moderate intensity and duration are useful (even necessary) for the normal functioning of the organism.

The role of stress in the development of diseases

"Breaks where subtle: a target of stress in the first place are more genetically weak organs, systems or already affected before any ailment.
O. Kiris

The brain: the deterioration of blood supply due to narrowing of blood vessels oxygen starvation of brain cells Nervous system: insomnia neurosis depression and chronic fatigue syndrome If in the past 6 months, you can not cope with fatigue, is not taking place even after the rest, constantly feeling "shattered", decreased efficiency not want to, as they say, eat or drink, or love, then you have captured the chronic fatigue syndrome. His culprit - stress.

Cardiovascular system: heart palpitations, arrhythmias headache, migraine, hypertension Raynaud's disease, myocardial infarction ischemic heart disease observed by experts, stress, subsequently leading to myocardial infarction, 18% of cases occur in patients in the queues.

Respiratory system: more frequent shortness of breath, chronic hyperventilation dysfunction of smooth muscles of bronchial asthma

Gastrointestinal tract: indigestion constipation, stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcer ulcerative colitis decrease in function of the gastrointestinal tract in response to stress in some countries used as a test for incrimination of criminals. In India, for example, the suspect gave chew "sacred rice. Because of fear of being discovered and punished the guilty spit seeds on palm leaf is almost dry, as in the stress condition inhibited salivation.

Endocrine system: hormone imbalance (in males, for example, sharply reduced the content in the blood of male sex hormone testosterone) defeat glands in the East they are called glands of destiny. After the First World War, Russian and German scientists have recorded in their countries of diseases toxic goiter and diabetes mellitus. During the Second World War, after heavy bombing of British cities in many developed thyroid disease, which were immediately baptized by doctors "goiter bomb shelters." Sharp increase in blood glucose diabetes

Liver, gallbladder, kidney: disruption of the work, the oppression of functions

Urogenital: cystitis irregular menstruation, infertility in women erectile difficulty, premature eruption of the seed, reducing the activity of sperm, impotence in men

Muscular system: the persistence of high muscle tone even at rest culprits of back pain always consider some organic diseases (lumbago, sciatica, spinal pathology). But in many cases, stress leads to low stress the back muscles that cause pain.

Joints: Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory skin: hives eczema psoriasis acne psoriasis

The immune system: a sharp decline in immunity

Neuroses

Neuroses - a group of neuropsychiatric disorders caused by the influence of unfavorable factors and expressed in emotional disorders of humans and various autonomic disorders. The main cause of neurosis are various kinds of social conflicts (quarrels, grievances, unfair treatment by others, emotional stress, etc.), in which a person may be a painful experience setbacks, internal conflicts, a sense of unattainable goals in life, the irreparable loss and etc.

Background of neurosis more often laid in childhood when the child is brought up in adverse conditions (quarrels and conflicts within the family, disrespectful attitude to the personality of the child by parents and adults) that, in general, can contribute to the formation of such traits as timidity, shyness. diffidence, mistrust, uncertainty.

Neuroses easier to occur in people with a weak nervous system, as well as people with weak willpower character and a high degree of suggestibility. Neuroses can be caused by the action of supramaximal stimuli (loss of a loved one, emotional shock) and a weak but permanent traumatic stimuli causing long-term state of mental overstrain (eg, unfavorable climate in the family, at work).

Overexertion excitation may be caused by some strong external stimulus. In 1924, during the floods in Leningrad Pavlov's experimental dogs rescued by boat, after which the conditioned reflex activity in them was broken. Overvoltage inhibition can occur when making fine differentiations requiring discrimination of stimuli, differ little from each other.

It may disappear elaborated conditioned reflexes or impair the dependence of reflection on the strength of the stimulus: a weak stimulation of a severe reaction occurs, and vice versa, the strong - weak. This means that violated the basic law under which the conditioned reflex is the greater, the greater the irritation. Along with these changes and the animal's behavior: it is either unreasonably barks, rushes out of the machine or in a state of drowsiness.

As the main manifestations of neurosis serve various emotional disorders: depressed mood, tearfulness, anxiety, fear, increased anxiety, frustration, intolerance, irritability. Often there are sleep disturbances and appetite, sweating, discomfort in the heart, etc.

Important role in the prevention of neuroses is the proper upbringing of the child, to improve its adaptive capacity, development and training of its volitional qualities, the formation of a correct assessment of his personality. It is necessary to pay close attention to establishing the psychological climate in the family, collective, based on respect for the man, his needs and goals.